It is difficult to manufacture any product or component to its exact size. Tolerance on
the parts is therefore the amount of variation in size tolerated to cover reasonable imperfections in workmanship and it varies with different grades of work.
Tolerance on a dimension can also be specified as the difference between the maximum limit of size and the minimum limit of size. It is equal to the algebraic difference between the upper and lower deviations and has an absolute value without sign.
Its value is a function of the basic size and is designated by a number symbol, called the grade.
There are two basic ways of specifying the working
tolerance: (1) bilateral and (2) unilateral, tolerances.