Formula to calculate speed of the shaft and diameter of pulley

FORMULA FOR CALCULATING SPEED OF THE SHAFTS AND DIAMETER OF THE PULLEY

EXPLODE RENDER ANIMATE

rticle FROM Solid Edge Explode — Render — Animate application  Publication Number  spse0154

Defining motors

 

 

 

 

 

· There are two types of motors that can be defined in Solid Edge: rotational and linear.· You use motor features to help you observe how a set of under-constrained parts will move relative to the part you define as a motor

1. · This allows you to design and simulate complex mechanisms where the movement of a set of interrelated parts needs to be simulated.
2. Motor command
   · Defines a rotational or linear motor using an element on a selected part.
   · You can then use the Simulate Motor command to display a kinematic simulation of the motion in an assembly.
   · You use motor features to help you observe how a set of under-constrained parts will move relative to the part you define as a motor.  This allows you to design and simulate complex mechanisms where the movement of a set of interrelated parts needs to be simulated.
   · This is useful when working with assemblies that contain moving parts such as gears, pulleys, crankshafts, parts that travel in grooves or slots, and hydraulic or pneumatic actuators.
   For example, you can specify that a crankshaft part (A) in a mechanism rotates around an axis you specify (B).
   · You can then use the Motor Simulation command to playback a kinematic simulation of how the under-constrained parts in the assembly move.
   · Press F5 to replay the animation
   · You can define properties for the motor, such as the type of motor, the motor rate or speed, motor direction, and any limits you may want to place on the motor.
   · When you define a motor feature using the Motor command, an entry is added for the motor feature to PathFinder.
   · You can select the motor entry in PathFinder to edit the motor feature later.
   Types
   You can define the following types of motors:
   1 .Rotation 2. Linear
   Steps
   The basic steps for defining a motor are:
   • Specify the type of motor you want, Rotation or Linear.
   • Select the part you want to act as a motor.
   • Define the movement axis.
   • Specify the motor rate and limits.
   Specifying Motor Type
   The Motor Type list on the command bar allows you to define the type of motor you want. You can specify whether you want the motor type to be Rotation or Linear.
   Selecting the Part
   • You can only select a part that is under-constrained, or has relationships suppressed.
   • The assembly should also be under-constrained such that the mechanism is free to move in the proper axes.
   Defining the Movement Axis
   · Depending on the motor type you specify, you can select faces, edges, or cylindrical axes to define the motor axis.
   · For example, to define a Rotary motor, you can select cylindrical faces, cylindrical edges, or cylindrical axes.
   Specifying the Motor Rate and Limits
   · The Motor Value and Limits options on the command bar allow you to specify the speed or rate you want the motor operate at, and any limits on the travel you want to impose.
   · For example, you may want to specify that a rotational motor rotates at 1750 revolutions per minute, and makes two complete revolutions (720 degrees).
   · You can set the working units you want to use for the angular and linear velocity of a motor using the Advanced Units button on the Units tab of the File Properties dialog box, on the File menu.
   Motor Definition and Simulation Guidelines
   · You can define as many motors as you want in an assembly.
   · When you define multiple motors in an assembly, use the Motor Group Properties dialog box, available with the Simulate Motor command and the Animation Editor tool to specify which motors you want to use,
   · whether you want to detect collisions during the simulation, and so forth.
   · When working with more than one motor, use the Animation Editor tool to specify when the motors start time, duration time and stop time for each motor.
   · This allows you to design and simulate complex mechanisms where the timing and positioning of the parts is critical to understanding the behavior of the mechanism.
   Note
   · Only motors in the active assembly participate in a motor simulation.
   · If you want subassembly parts to move in response to a motor simulation, you need to make the subassembly adjustable, using the Adjustable Assembly command on the PathFinder shortcut menu.
   Simulate Motor command
   · Display a kinematic simulation of motion in an assembly.
   · You use motor features to define how a set of interrelated parts will move.
   · This is useful when working with assemblies that contain crankshafts, gears, pulleys, and hydraulic or pneumatic actuators.
   · When you click the Simulate Motor button, the Motor Group Properties dialog box is displayed,
   · so you can specify which motors you want to use, whether you want to detect collisions during the simulation, and so forth.
   · When you click OK, the Animation Editor tool is displayed so you can run the simulation.
   · To run the simulation, click the Play button.
   Note
   · The Simulate Motor command contains a subset of the Animation Editor functionality.
   · To access the full functionality of the Animation Editor tool, you must use the Animation Editor command in the Explode-Render-Animate application.
   · To access the Explode-Render-Animate application, on the Tools tab, click Explode-Render-Animate.
   Motor Group Properties dialog box
   No Analysis
   Allows you to move under-constrained parts and observe the results.
   Detect Collisions
   Allows you to detect collisions during motor animation.
   Physical Motion
   • Allows you to simulate physical motion between parts.
   • This option detects contact between unconstrained surfaces and applies temporary constraints between the contacting surfaces.
   • This makes it possible to analyze motion in mechanisms that contain gears and other forms of sliding contact
   Motor Duration
   Specifies how the motor duration is defined.
   Use Motor Limits as Duration if Defined
   Specifies that the motor limits define the duration.
3. Default Motor Duration
4. Specifies the motor duration in seconds. You can type a value.
   Available Motors
   Lists the available motors. You can use the Add and Remove buttons to add motors to and remove motors from the Motors in Animation list.
   Add
   Adds a motor to the Motors in Animation list.
   Remove
   Removes a motor from the Motors in Animation list.
   Motors in Animation
   Lists the motors that will be used in the animation.
   Activity: Motor
   • In this activity, you will assign a motor to a part in an assembly.
   • The type of motor will be a rotational type and be applied to a gear in a clock.
   • The speed of the motor will be such that the second hand of the clock moves at the operating speed of 1 rpm.
   • The gear relationships are predefined, and by assigning the motor to the appropriate gear, motion can be shown through motor simulation.
   • The motor simulation used here will later be used to create an animation of the clock.

wonder rickshaw

  A Kolkata engineer has designed a cycle-rickshaw that uses passenger load to push the vehicle and reduces the puller's drudgery by using bumps on the road for propulsion.

Pratik Kumar Ghosh's wonder vehicle which promises to improve the lives of thousands of rickshaw pullers is easy to make and is also cheap.

"The rickshaw resembles conventional rickshaws and can be assembled with the same parts which are currently in use" Ghosh 55 told IANS about his design that won a union government innovation award.

The innovator who works as an assistant general manager with Shriram EPC Ltd said his design would make bumps and unevenness of the road favourable to the rickshaw puller -- converting the shock and vibration to a propulsive force.

"No parts need to be redesigned. The design of the rickshaw is very simple and its manufacture will be equally easy. The cost of production will be close to the existing ones" he said.

Ghosh's idea won the National Innovation Council's Innovation Challenge to Reduce Worker Drudgery along with six other ideas in April.

"The rickshaws in vogue were designed to carry load without keeping in mind ways to enhance puller's ease. In the long history the vehicle only underwent cosmetic design changes" he said.

In conventional rickshaws the chassis is horizontal and the load acts as dead load without any forward component he said.

"In the proposed rickshaw the chassis is at an angle of 10 degrees to the ground leaning to the front. Any load on the chassis will have a forward component to assist propulsion. These two forward forces will concur and make the muscle power requirement of the puller minimum when the vehicle will start to move" he said.

Also the chassis currently is fixed at all three points with the triangular frame and requires more power to propel.

"But in this design the chassis is hinged at the pedal hub and the two other points are fixed with the frame. Since the hinged point acts as pivot the shock generated by the road is transmitted as a force to the frame and makes the hostile road favourable to the puller" he said.

Also the passenger weight in current rickshaws falls directly on the axle he said.

"But here the seat frame will be tubular and the rear two legs will not swing and remain pressed to the bearing box horizontally converting the downward passenger load to horizontal forward propulsive force" he said.

"More the passenger weight more will be the push."

Ghosh's design is different from the soleckshaws (Solar-Electric Rickshaws) designed by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) which require new parts and major structural changes.

"I'm an innovator not entrepreneur. I can't manufacture the rickshaws when more than eight million existing rickshaws are to be replaced. Since the production requirement is huge I wish big cycle and rickshaw manufacturers come forward and manufacture the rickshaw" Ghosh told IANS.

"Since the rickshaw pullers will be able to travel long distances with high speed effortlessly it is presumed that these rickshaws will be able to replace autos to some extent and reduce dependence on fuel-based vehicles" he said.

Ghosh who is hoping that manufacturers and state governments looking to help rickshaw pullers will pick up his design said the drawings could be taken from the National Innovation Council.

The other winners of the council's contest from the 468 proposals are a human powered motor by professors and students of IIT Madras; a vessel desk for construction workers by Maharashtra student Raghunath P. Lohar; a display unit for street vendors by IIT Guwahati student Manjunath Butta; a low cost cycle for physically challenged by working professionals from Chennai Ajith T. Alex Aanand Ganesh and Mahesh P.V; and a picking grab for sanitation workers by retired Kolkata engineer Jitendra Nath Das.

WHEEL DRESSERS

      Grinding wheels wear unevenly under most general grinding

operations due to uneven pressure applied to the face of thewheel when it cuts. Also, when the proper wheel has not beenused for certain operations, the wheel may become chargedwith metal particles, or the abrasive grain may become dullbefore it is broken loose from the wheel bond. [n these cases,it is necessary that the wheel be dressed or trued to restore itsefficiency and accuracy.
    Dressing is cutting the face of a grinding wheel to restore itsoriginal cutting qualities. Truing is restoring the wheel’sconcentricity or reforming its cutting face to a desired shape

                                                      Abrasive Stick Dresser
The abrasive stick dresser comes in two shapes: square for
hand use, and round for mechanical use. It is often used
instead of the more expensive diamond dresser for dressing
shaped and form wheels. It is also used for general grinding
wheel dressing.




Abrasive Wheel Dresser
The abrasive wheel dresser is a bonded silicon carbide
wheel that is fastened to the machine table at a slight angle to
the grinding wheel and driven by contact with the wheel. This
dresser produces a smooth, clean-cutting face that leaves no
dressing marks on the work.
Diamond Dresser


Diamond Dresser
The diamond dresser is the most efficient for truing wheels
for precision grinding, where accuracy and high finish are
required.
A dresser may have a single diamond or multiple diamonds
mounted in the end of a round steel shank. Inspect the
diamond point frequently for wear. It is the only usable part of
the diamond, and is worn away it cannot dress the wheel
properly.



       Slant the diamond 3° to 15° in the direction of rotation and
30° to the plane of the wheel as shown in Figure 5-14 to
prevent chatter and gouging. Rotate the diamond slightly in
it’s holder between dressing operations to keep it sharp. A dull
diamond will force the abrasive grains into the bond pores and
load the face of the wheel, reducing the wheel’s cutting
ability.

     When using a diamond dresser to dress or true a grinding
wheel, the wheel should be turning at, or slightly less than,
normal operating speed never at the higher speed. For wet
grinding, flood the wheel with coolant when you dress or true
it. For dry grinding, the wheel should be dressed dry. The
whole dressing operation should simulate the grinding
operation as much as possible. Whenever possible, hold the
dresser by some mechanical device. It is a good idea to round
off wheel edges with a handstone after dressing to prevent
chipping. This is especially true of a fine finishing wheel. Do
not round off the edges if the work requires sharp corners. The
grinding wheel usually wears more on the edges, leaving a
high spot towards the center. When starting the dressing or
truing operation, be certain that the point of the dressing tool
touches the highest spot of the wheel first, to prevent the
point from digging in.

       Feed the dresser tool point progressively, 0.001 inch at a
time, into the wheel until the sound indicates that the wheel is
perfectly true. The rate at which you move the point across the
face of the wheel depends upon the grain and the grade of the
wheel and the desired finish. A slow feed gives the wheel a
fine finish, but if the feed is too slow, the wheel may glaze. A
fast feed makes the wheel free cutting, but if the feed is too
fast, the dresser will leave tool marks on the wheel. The
correct feed can only be found by trial, but a unif

Grinding Machine Safety Precautions

      Grinding is the process of removing metal by the application

of abrasives which are bonded to form a rotating wheel. When
the moving abrasive particles contact the workpiece, they act
as tiny cutting tools, each particle cutting a tiny chip from the
workpiece. It is a common error to believe that grinding
abrasive wheels remove material by a rubbing action; actually,
the process is as much a cutting action as drilling, milling, and
lathe turning.

     The grinding machine supports and rotates the grinding
abrasive wheel and often supports and positions the workpiece
in proper relation to the wheel.

     The grinding machine is used for roughing and finishing flat,
cylindrical, and conical surfaces; finishing internal cylinders
or bores; forming and sharpening cutting tools; snagging or
removing rough projections from castings and stampings; and
cleaning, polishing, and buffing surfaces. Once strictly a
finishing machine, modem production grinding machines are
used for complete roughing and finishing of certain classes of
work.

GRINDING MACHINE SAFETY

     Grinding machines are used daily in a machine shop. To
avoid injuries follow the safety precautions listed below.

• Wear goggles for all grinding machine operations.

• Check grinding wheels for cracks (Ring Test Figure 5-11)

before mounting.

• Never operate grinding wheels at speeds in excess of the

recommended speed.

• Never adjust the workpiece or work mounting devices

when the machine is operating

• Do not exceed recommended depth of cut for the grinding

wheel or machine.

• Remove workpiece from grinding wheel before turning

machine off.

• Use proper wheel guards on all grinding machines.

• On bench grinders, adjust tool rest 1/16 to 1/8 inch from

the wheel.